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Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-MJH-01
In this interview Hillenbrand discusses President John F. Kennedy [JFK] entering office amid the Berlin crisis; working as the Director of the Office of German Affairs with JFK; the Berlin Task Force and the Ambassadorial Group; JFK's attitude towards the German problem and German reactions to the Kennedy Administration; the State Department and Germany; the 1961 Vienna talks with Nikita S. Khrushchev; the erection of the Berlin Wall and the crisis it generated; the Kennedy Administration's reaction and response to the Berlin Wall; talks with Russia over Berlin and the Wall; the press "leaks crisis" on the Germany problem; JFK's working style and approach to problems, according to Hillenbrand; the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the Berlin talks; JFK's German policy and relationship with German leaders; and what JFK accomplished related to Germany, among other issues.
Oral history
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
JFKOH-RFK-02
In this interview Robert F. Kennedy [RFK] discusses the 1961 Berlin crisis; American forces, military and diplomatic, in Germany; John F. Kennedy’s [JFK] recommendation for Americans to have fallout shelters; nuclear testing; problems with the Department of State; the start of the conflict in Vietnam, 1961; the Department of Justice under RFK and organized crime; RFK’s difficult relationship with J. Edgar Hoover; the wiretapping bill; new federal judgeships in 1961 and other presidential appointments; the Alliance for Progress; Red China; crises during JFK’s presidency and how he was an optimist; RFK’s move for an income tax increase during the Berlin crisis; RFK’s disagreements with President JFK; indecisiveness over picking JFK’s running mate, 1960; the missile gap; fighting and UN operations in the Congo; Nikita S. Khrushchev’s speeches; RFK’s 1962 trip to Japan, Indonesia, Germany, and other countries; the release of Allen L. Pope; Dutch disputes in Southeast Asia; the 1961 crisis in the Dominican Republic and the assassination of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina; the 1962 disarmament conference in Geneva; Edward M. Kennedy’s 1962 campaign for U.S. Senate; the Kennedy family national and political reputation; the Justice Department under RFK and civil rights; and the 1962 steel crisis, among other issues.
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1963-06-26-F
ST26, KN37
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1963-06-26-E
ST26, KN37
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1963-06-26-D
ST26, KN37
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1963-06-26-C
ST26, KN37
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1963-06-26-B
ST26, KN37
Photograph folder
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-1963-06-26-A
KN37
Textual folder
Papers of John F. Kennedy. Presidential Papers. National Security Files
JFKNSF-075a-001
This file contains memoranda and Department of State telegrams regarding Germany. Subjects include trade, Berlin, Chancellor of German Konrad Adenauer and the political climate, and relations with France and the United States. Also included are numerous Memoranda of Conversations between various U.S. and German officials, including President John F. Kennedy and German Defense Minister Franz Josef Strauss, discussing Berlin, disarmament, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and the Soviet Union.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-27-63
President John F. Kennedy (center) stands in the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels from the Großer Stern on its route through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Crowds line the streets; the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is visible in the background.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-3-63
President John F. Kennedy (center left foreground, back to camera) visits the Berlin Wall near Checkpoint Charlie in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Also pictured: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Eunice Kennedy Shriver; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; U.S. Secretary of State, Dean Rusk; Jay W. Gildner, of the United States Information Agency (USIA); White House Secret Service agent, Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-18-63
President John F. Kennedy (right, standing at microphones) delivers remarks at Free University of Berlin in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Those seated on stage at left include: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Speaker of the Berlin House of Representatives, Otto Bach; Free University Rector, Ernst Heinitz; French Commandant in Berlin, Major General Edouard Toulouse; Director of Radio in the American Sector (RIAS) in Berlin and translator for President Kennedy, Robert Lochner. [Scratches at bottom of image are original to the negative.]
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-35-63
President John F. Kennedy stands in the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) prior to his motorcade through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer (right); Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt (center). Also pictured: Special Assistant to President Kennedy, Kenneth P. O’Donnell; Special Assistant to President Kennedy for National Security, McGeorge Bundy; White House Secret Service agents, Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn, Floyd Boring, Jerry Blaine, Win Lawson, Roy Kellerman, and Paul A. Burns.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-31-63
President John F. Kennedy (standing in second car) waves to crowds from the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Also pictured: Special Assistants to President Kennedy, Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers; Director of the United States Secret Service, James J. Rowley; White House Secret Service agents, Jerry Blaine, Sam Sulliman, Floyd Boring, Roy Kellerman, and Paul A. Burns. People line the street to watch to motorcade pass.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-20-63
President John F. Kennedy (in second car) stands in the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Crowds line the street, throwing confetti.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-A7-5-63
President John F. Kennedy waves to crowds as the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) turns onto the Großer Stern from Hofjägerallee during a motorcade through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing in car with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Also pictured: Special Assistant to President Kennedy, Kenneth P. O’Donnell; White House Secret Service agents, Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn, Floyd Boring, Roy Kellerman, Paul A. Burns, and Jerry Blaine.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-38-63
President John F. Kennedy views East Berlin, East Germany (Democratic Republic), from an elevated platform at Checkpoint Charlie along the Berlin Wall in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Also pictured: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; West German Ambassador to the United States, Karl Heinrich Knappstein; Minister for All-German Affairs, Dr. Rainer Barzel; Commanding General of the Berlin Brigade, Major General Frederick O. Hartel; Military Aide to President Kennedy, General Chester V. Clifton; Director of Radio in the American Sector (RIAS) in Berlin and translator for the President, Robert Lochner; U.S. Secretary of State, Dean Rusk; U.S. Commandant in Berlin, Major General James H. Polk; White House Secret Service agent, Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn. [Vertical blemish near center of image is original to the negative.]
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-2-63
President John F. Kennedy (center left foreground, back to camera) visits the Berlin Wall near Checkpoint Charlie in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Also pictured: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; U.S. Secretary of State, Dean Rusk; Jay W. Gildner, of the United States Information Agency (USIA); White House Secret Service agents, James J. Rowley, Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn, and Roy Kellerman.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-1-63
President John F. Kennedy (center) visits Checkpoint Charlie along the Berlin Wall in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Also pictured: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Commanding General of the Berlin Brigade, Major General Frederick O. Hartel; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Military Aide to President Kennedy, General Chester V. Clifton; Director of Radio in the American Sector (RIAS) in Berlin and translator for the President, Robert Lochner; White House Secret Service agents, James J. Rowley, Sam Sulliman, Paul A. Burns, Jerry Blaine, Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn, Floyd Boring, and Roy Kellerman.
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-ST-C230-30-63
President John F. Kennedy (mostly hidden) views the Brandenburg Gate (hung with red banners) in East Berlin, East Germany (Democratic Republic), from an elevated platform at the Berlin Wall in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Also pictured: Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Minister for All-German Affairs, Dr. Rainer Barzel; U.S. Chief of Protocol, Angier Biddle Duke; Military Aide to President Kennedy, General Chester V. Clifton; White House Secret Service agents, Floyd Boring and Gerald A. “Jerry” Behn. Reporters and photographers observe from below platform at right. Yellow sign in background reads, “In the agreements of Yalta and Potsdam U.S. Presidents Roosevelt and Truman undertook: to uproot German militarism and Nazism; to arrest war criminals and bring them to judgment; to prevent rebirth of German militarism; to ban all militarist and Nazi propaganda; to ensure that Germany never again menaces her neighbours or world peace. These pledges have been fulfilled in the Democratic Republic. When will these pledges be fulfilled in West Germany and West Berlin, President Kennedy?”
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-KN-C29292
President John F. Kennedy (center) receives an honorary citizenship award at Free University of Berlin in West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic) from University Rector, Ernst Heinitz. Standing right of President Kennedy (backs to camera): Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer; Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt. Also pictured: Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany, Walter Scheel; Minister for All-German Affairs, Dr. Rainer Barzel; West German Ambassador to the United States, Karl Heinrich Knappstein; Chairman of the Committee to Strengthen the Security of the Free World, General Lucius D. Clay; Speaker of the Berlin House of Representatives, Otto Bach; Jay W. Gildner, of the United States Information Agency (USIA); White House Secret Service agent, Floyd Boring. [Horizontal streaks are original to the negative.]
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-KN-C29311
President John F. Kennedy (standing in second car) waves to crowds from the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Also pictured: Special Assistants to President Kennedy, Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers; Director of the United States Secret Service, James J. Rowley; White House Secret Service agents, Jerry Blaine, Floyd Boring, Sam Sulliman, Paul A. Burns, and Roy Kellerman. [White blemishes at top corners of image are original to the negative.]
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-KN-C29310
President John F. Kennedy (standing in second car) waves to crowds from the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with President Kennedy: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Also pictured: White House Secret Service agents, Jerry Blaine, Floyd Boring, Sam Sulliman, Roy Kellerman, and Paul A. Burns. [Streaking and discoloration are original to the negative.]
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-KN-C29293
President John F. Kennedy (standing in second car) waves to crowds from the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Also pictured: Special Assistants to President Kennedy, Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers; Director of the United States Secret Service, James J. Rowley; White House Secret Service agents, Jerry Blaine, Sam Sulliman, Floyd Boring, Roy Kellerman, and Paul A. Burns. People line the street to watch the motorcade pass. [Blue streaking on image is original to the negative.]
Photograph
White House Photographs
JFKWHP-KN-C29291
President John F. Kennedy (in second car, mostly hidden) stands in the Presidential limousine (Lincoln-Mercury Continental convertible) as his motorcade travels through West Berlin, West Germany (Federal Republic). Standing with the President: Mayor of West Berlin, Willy Brandt; Chancellor of West Germany, Konrad Adenauer. Also pictured: Special Assistant to President Kennedy, Dave Powers; Director of the United States Secret Service, James J. Rowley; White House Secret Service agents, Floyd Boring, Jerry Blaine, and Roy Kellerman. Crowds line the street, throwing confetti. [Blue streaking on image is original to the negative.]